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Mond gas
Mond gas is a cheap coal gas that was used for industrial heating purposes. Coal gases are made by decomposing coal through heating it to a high temperature. Coal gases were the primary source of gas fuel during the 1940s and 1950s until the adoption of natural gas. They were used for lighting, heating, and cooking, typically being supplied to households through pipe distribution systems. The gas was named after its founder, Ludwig Mond.
== Discovery ==
In 1889, Ludwig Mond discovered that the combustion of coal with air and steam produced ammonia along with an extra gas, which was named the Mond gas. He discovered this while looking for a process to form ammonium sulfate, which was useful in agriculture.〔 The process involved reacting low quality coal with superheated steam, which produced the Mond gas. The gas was then passed through dilute sulphuric acid spray, which ultimately removed the ammonia, forming ammonium sulfate.
Mond modified the gasification process by restricting the air supply and filling the air with steam, providing a low working temperature. This temperature was below ammonia's point of dissociation, maximizing the amount of ammonia that could be produced from the nitrogen, a product from superheating coal.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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